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Particulate matter (PM) is not a single pollutant, but rather a mixture of many chemical species in the air. Particles are defined by their diameter for regulatory purposes. Some pieces are big enough for you to see, like dust floating in a sunbeam. Other pieces are so tiny you need a special, super-strong microscope to see them.

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The average human hair is about 70μmin diameter (30 times wider than a PM2.5 particle).

The average grain of sand is 90μmin diameter (36 times wider than a PM2.5 particle).

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dust particles, industrial emissions

bacteria, smoke particles, spores

red blood cells, dust particles, sea spray ions

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PM2.5 levels

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Tests

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We constructed a 95% confidence interval for the slope of a regression line between median PM2.5 levels and COVID-19 deaths per 100,000 people. 

 

The coefficient for median PM2.5 is 2.8426, indicating that for each µg/m³ increase in the median PM2.5 level, the deaths per 100,000 residents increase by approximately 2.843.
 

A 95% confidence interval for the median PM2.5 coefficient results in values 0.238 to 5.448. This does not include zero, suggesting that the relationship between PM2.5 levels and COVID deaths is statistically significant , even at the 5% level. We can be 95% confident that the true increase in deaths per 100,000 residents per unit increase in median PM2.5 lies between 0.238 and 5.448.

With an R² value of 0.299, this indicates that approximately 29.9% of the variability in the deaths per 100,000 is explained by median PM2.5 levels.

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Created by Joy Su, Raissa Guimarães, Rafaela Souza, and Laylah Desravines.

More information available at https://raissa-nobrega.wixstudio.io/clear-the-air.

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